GENES The gene is a nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for function of gene product. Gene may be a protein coding gene whose transcribed RNA is translated into proteins or RNA only genes. Protein coding genes may be solitary or families or tandem repeats NON –CODING SEQUENCE The non coding sequence are genes that do not encode the protein. The amount of non-coding sequence in DNA of organism varies among species. Eg-Human genome -98% non-coding genes Prokaryotes -10% non-coding genes Types of Non coding sequences The non coding sequences can be in the form of following Introns Anti leader and Anti trailer sequence Promoter sequence Enhancers Pseudogenes Gene fragments Telomeres Non-coding functional RNA Cis-Trans regulatory elements INTRONS Introns are non-coding sequence that transcribed into RNA But precursor mRNA removed by splicing during processing. The eukaryotic genome has large amount of introns...
CENTRIFUGATION-PRINCIPLE Sedimentation is basic principle of centrifugation. Sedimentation involves settling molecules due to gravitational force. Centrifugal force: An object moves in circular motion at steady angular velocity where force direct object in outward direction is called centrifugal force. Centrifugation works on centrifugal force here axis of rotation is rotor and object is sample. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SEDIMENTATION RCF DERIVED Spherical biomolecule-example- protein If biomolecules are more viscous SEDIMENTATION COEFFICIENT (OR) SWEDBERG UNIT (OR)S20 Sedimentation coefficient is defined as sedimentation rate in per unit of centrifugal field . S20=v/ω2 r Sedimentation coefficient is defined in experimental value to the sedimentation constant at theoretical value in water at 20 degree celcius temperature. INSTRUMENTATION OF CENTRIFUGE: The components of centrifuge were 1.CENTRIFUGE TUBES 2.ROTOR 3.MOTOR CO...