GENES The gene is a nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for function of gene product. Gene may be a protein coding gene whose transcribed RNA is translated into proteins or RNA only genes. Protein coding genes may be solitary or families or tandem repeats NON –CODING SEQUENCE The non coding sequence are genes that do not encode the protein. The amount of non-coding sequence in DNA of organism varies among species. Eg-Human genome -98% non-coding genes Prokaryotes -10% non-coding genes Types of Non coding sequences The non coding sequences can be in the form of following Introns Anti leader and Anti trailer sequence Promoter sequence Enhancers Pseudogenes Gene fragments Telomeres Non-coding functional RNA Cis-Trans regulatory elements INTRONS Introns are non-coding sequence that transcribed into RNA But precursor mRNA removed by splicing during processing. The eukaryotic genome has large amount of introns...
REACTION WITH BOTH COOH AND NH2 GROUP: 1.METHYLATION : Aminoacid react with methyl iodide and sodium hydroxide to form betaine of aminoacid. 2.REACTION WITH ISOTHIOCYANATE: Aminoacid react with iso thio cyanate to form derivative of aminoacid with thio cyanate. 3.REACTION WITH NINHYDRIN: Aminoacid react with two molecules of ninhydrin to form aldehyde ,hydrantidine and ammonia as intermediate and to form final product as diketo hydrantidine which is also called rheumans complex 4. REACTION WITH PHOSGENE: Aminoacid react with PHOSGENE to form carboxy anhydride. 5.REACTION WITH ISO THIO SULFATE: Aminoacid react with iso thio sulfate to form 2 - thio 5 - thio zolidone. https://youtu.be/mfBcKOyQhU0