GENES The gene is a nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for function of gene product. Gene may be a protein coding gene whose transcribed RNA is translated into proteins or RNA only genes. Protein coding genes may be solitary or families or tandem repeats NON –CODING SEQUENCE The non coding sequence are genes that do not encode the protein. The amount of non-coding sequence in DNA of organism varies among species. Eg-Human genome -98% non-coding genes Prokaryotes -10% non-coding genes Types of Non coding sequences The non coding sequences can be in the form of following Introns Anti leader and Anti trailer sequence Promoter sequence Enhancers Pseudogenes Gene fragments Telomeres Non-coding functional RNA Cis-Trans regulatory elements INTRONS Introns are non-coding sequence that transcribed into RNA But precursor mRNA removed by splicing during processing. The eukaryotic genome has large amount of introns...
Phyllanthus emblica or aamla or gooseberry.
In tamil it is known as nellikai.
It is a king of medicinal fruits.
It is diciduous tree with seeds of 6 parts of division.
It has green coloured flowering plant.
Content:
1.Vitamin C.
2.Carbohydrate.
3.Free aminoacid.
4.Gallotannins.
5.Pectins
6.Alkaloids.
7.Phenolic acid.
8.Curcuminoids.
9.Flavanes.
1.VitaminC:
It is also known as Ascorbic acid.
About 80 percent of fruit has Ascorbic acid.
Application:
1.Vitamin C is an antioxidant.
2.Carbohydrates:
About 14 percent of fruit contains carbohydrates.
3.Free aminoacid:
Free aminoacid like lysin,proline,glutamic acid and aspartic acid are found.
Application:
1.It helps in tissue repair.
4.Gallotannins:
It is found to be high amount in aamla.
About 5 percent of fruit contains gallotannins.
Application:
1.It helps to contract body tissues.
2.It reduces minor abrasives and bleedings.
3.It act as digestion reducing agent.
4.It act as an antioxidant.
5.Pectins:
Pectins are dried and used for chawaanprash.
6.Alkaloids:
Phyllantine and phyllantidine are alkaloids found in aamla.
Application:
1.It has anti inflammatory,analageies,local anaesthetic .
2.It also has antifungal and antimicrobial properties.
3.It has anti cancerous properties.
7.Phenolic acid:
Gallic acid,ellagic acid ,phyllaemblic acid and emblicol are phenolic acids found in aamla.
a.Gallic acid:
Application:
1.Gallic acid is isolated and used in tanning and manufacturing of paper and inks.
2.Gallic acid is an antioxidant.
b.Ellagic acid:
Application:
1.It treats viral and bacterial infection.
2.It has anti cancerous properties.
c.Phyllaemblic acid and emblicol:
It is found in roots of aamla.
8.Curcuminoids:
It is found in aamla .
Application:
1.It prevent exercise soreness.
2.It helps in hypolipidemic action
3.It prevent inflammation and arthritis.
9.Flavanoids:
Flavanoids like kaempeferol and quercetin are found in aamla.
1.Kaempeferol:
Application:
1.It reduces the risk of cancer.
2.It modulates angiogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis.
2.Quercetin:
Application:
1.It has anti inflammatory,anticancerous and antiallergic property.
2.It also treat nervous disease.
3.It decreases blood pressure ,heart diseases and infection.
Application of aamla:
1.Aamla has all tastes.
2.It is used in polyherbal formulation.
3.It is a major ingredients in rasayana.
4.It increases the lifespan.
5.It is a ingredients in chawaanprash.
6.It is a ingredients in inks,shampoos ,hair oil and fixing agents for dyes to clothes.
7.It has antitunour action.
8.It has immunomodulatory action.
9.It is hypotensive.
10.It is anticytotoxic,antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic agent.
11.It also treat peptic ulcer and dyspepsia.
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