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TYPES OF NON CODING SEQUENCES

  GENES  The gene is a nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for function of gene product.  Gene may be a protein coding gene whose transcribed RNA is translated into proteins or RNA only genes.  Protein coding genes may be solitary or families or tandem repeats NON –CODING SEQUENCE   The non coding sequence are genes that do not encode the protein.  The amount of non-coding sequence in DNA of organism varies among species.  Eg-Human genome -98% non-coding genes  Prokaryotes -10% non-coding genes  Types of Non coding sequences The non coding sequences can be in the form of following Introns  Anti leader and Anti trailer sequence Promoter sequence Enhancers Pseudogenes Gene fragments Telomeres Non-coding functional RNA Cis-Trans regulatory elements INTRONS  Introns are non-coding sequence that transcribed into RNA  But precursor mRNA removed by splicing during processing.  The eukaryotic genome has large amount of introns...
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AMINOACIDS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

 

Aminoacids are containing amide and acidic group  hence known as aminoacids. Aminoacids has following physical properties
1.SHAPE:
Aminoacids has crystalline shape.Aminoacids are in slender shape in tyrosine.
2.COLOUR:
Aminoacids are colourless
3.SOLUBILITY:
Some aminoacids are soluble in water.Where some aminoacids are soluble in organic acids and insoluble in ether.
4.TASTE:
Aminoacids taste are differs:
arginine - bitter,histidine - tasteless and cysteine - sweet taste
5.OPTICAL ACTIVITY:
Aminoacids optical activity mostly levorotatory due to chirality of carbon but due to absence of chirality carbon in glycine not undergoes optical activity.Each aminoacids has specific rotation
6.ZWITTER ION :
Aminoacids at certain ph undergoes ionic state .This dipolar state of aminoacid known as zwitter ion .
7.ISOELECTRIC PH :
The ph at which aminoacid undergoes zwitter ionic form is called isoelectric point or isoelectric ph .
8.AMPHOTERIC NATURE :
Thus aminoacid containing both acidic and basic group are called amphoteric nature of aminoacids .
9.UV ABSORBTION :
The Uv absorption of aminoacids are 200-210 nm.
The Uv absorption of aromatic aminoacids are 220 - 280 nm.

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